Everything about Claude Fleury totally explained
Claude Fleury (
December 6,
1640,
Paris -
July 14,
1723, Paris), was a
French ecclesiastical
historian.
Destined for the bar, he was educated at the aristocratic
College of Clermont (now that of Louis-le-Grand). In
1658 he was nominated an advocate to the
parlement of Paris, and for nine years followed the legal profession. But he'd long been of a religious disposition, and in 1667 turned from
law to
theology. He had been some time in orders when
Louis XIV, in 1672, selected him as tutor of the princes of
Conti, with such success that the king next entrusted to him the education of the count of Vermandois, one of his natural sons, on whose death in 1683 Fleury received for his services the
Cistercian abbey of
Loc-Dieu, in the
diocese of Rodez.
In
1689 he was appointed sub-preceptor of the dukes of
Burgundy, of
Anjou, and of
Berry, and thus became intimately associated with
Fénelon, their chief tutor. In
1696 he was elected to fill the place of
La Bruyère in the
French Academy; and on the completion of the education of the young princes the king bestowed upon him the rich
priory of
Argenteuil, in the
diocese of Paris (1706). On assuming this
benefice he resigned, with rare disinterestedness, that of the abbey of Loc-Dieu.
About this time he began his great work, the first of the kind in France, and one for which he'd been collecting materials for thirty years—the
Histoire ecclésiastique. Fleury's evident intention was to write a history of the church for all classes of society; but at the time in which his great work appeared it was less religion than theology that absorbed the attention of the clergy and the educated public; and his work accordingly appealed to the student rather than to the popular reader, dwelling as it does very particularly on questions of doctrine, of discipline, of supremacy, and of rivalry between the priesthood and the imperial power.
Nevertheless it had a great success. The first edition, printed at Paris in 20 volumes (
4to), 1691, was followed by many others, among which may be mentioned that of Brussels, in 32 vols (
8vo), 1692, and that of Nîmes, in 25 vols (8vo), 1778 to 1780. The work of Fleury only comes down to the year
1414. It was continued by
Jean Claude Fabre and
Goujet down to 1595, in 16 vols. (4to). In consulting the work of Fleury and its supplement, the general table of contents, published by Rondel, Paris, 1758, 1 vol. (4to) will be found very useful. Translations have been made of the entire work into Latin, German and Italian. The Latin translation, published at Augsburg, 1758-1759, 85 vols. (8vo), carries the work down to 1684.
Fleury was appointed confessor to the young
King Louis XV in
1716, because, as the duke of Orleans said, he was neither
Jansenist nor
Molinist, nor
Ultramontanist, but
Catholic. His great learning was equalled by the modest simplicity of his life and the uprightness of his conduct.
Fleury left many works besides his
Histoire ecclésiastique. The following deserve special mention:
- Histoire du droit français (1674, 12mo)
- Mœurs des Israelites (1681, 12mo)
- Mœurs des Chrétiens (1682, 12mo)
- Traité du choix et de la méthode des études (1686, 2 vols 12mo)
- Les Devoirs des maîtres et des domestiques (1688, 12mo)
A number of the smaller works were published in one volume at Paris in 1807. The Roman Congregation of the Index condemned his Catéchisme historique (1679) and the Institution du droit ecclésiastique (1687).
See C Ernst Simonetti,
Der Character eines Geschichtsschreibers in dem Leben und aus den Schriften des Abbé C. Fleury (Göttingen 1746, 4to); CFP Jaeger,
Notice sur C. Fleury, considéré comme historien de l'eglise (Strassburg, 1847, 8vo);
Reichlin-Meldegg,
Geschichte des Christentums, I.
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